Essential Git Commands Every Developer Should Know

git init                        # Initialize repository
git clone <repo-url>            # Clone repository
git remote add origin <url>     # Add remote

git status                      # Check status
git add <file>                  # Add specific file
git add .                       # Add all files
git rm <file>                   # Remove file
git rm --cached <file>          # Unstage file

git commit -m "message"         # Commit staged
git commit -am "message"        # Add & commit
git commit --amend -m "new"     # Amend last commit

git branch                      # List branches
git branch <name>               # Create branch
git checkout <name>             # Switch branch
git checkout -b <name>          # Create & switch
git switch <name>               # Modern switch
git switch -c <name>            # Modern create & switch
git branch -d <name>            # Delete merged branch
git branch -D <name>            # Force delete

git fetch                       # Fetch changes
git pull                        # Fetch + merge
git pull origin main            # Pull main
git push                        # Push changes
git push origin <branch>        # Push branch
git push -u origin <branch>     # Set upstream

git merge <branch>              # Merge branch
git merge --no-ff <branch>      # No fast-forward
git rebase <branch>             # Rebase branch
git rebase -i HEAD~3            # Interactive rebase

git log                         # Full log
git log --oneline               # Compact log
git log --graph                 # Graph view
git show <hash>                 # Show commit
git diff                        # Working vs staged
git diff --staged               # Staged vs last

git reset <file>                # Unstage file
git reset                       # Unstage all
git checkout -- <file>          # Discard file changes
git reset --soft HEAD~1         # Keep staged
git reset --mixed HEAD~1        # Keep unstaged
git reset --hard HEAD~1         # Discard all
git revert <hash>               # Revert commit

git tag v1.0.0                  # Create tag
git tag -a v1.0.0 -m "Release"  # Annotated tag
git push origin v1.0.0          # Push tag
git push origin --tags          # Push all tags

git stash                       # Stash changes
git stash push -m "msg"         # Named stash
git stash pop                   # Apply & drop
git stash apply                 # Apply keep
git stash list                  # List stashes
git stash drop stash@{0}        # Drop stash

git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email "you@email.com"
git config --list

# 1. Start new feature
git checkout main
git pull origin main
git checkout -b feature/file-upload
 
# 2. Make changes
git add .
git commit -m "Add file upload functionality"
 
# 3. Push and create PR
git push -u origin feature/file-upload
 
# 4. After PR approval, cleanup
git checkout main
git pull origin main
git branch -d feature/file-upload